Marketing Definition

Advertising Definition Advertising is a significant perspective in the business world, yet what precisely is showcasing? This inquiry is imperative to know so as to be effective in the business world. Showcasing definitions might be worded distinctively by various individuals, yet the definition is the equivalent in all cases. Showcasing is likewise significant for hierarchical achievement, when the definition is completely understood.Marketing is the procedure that organizations use so as to show clients their items/administrations. It is imperative to recollect this is a procedure. There are numerous other key components associated with showcasing including investigating, advancing, selling, and appropriating the items/administrations. BusinessDictionary.com characterizes showcasing as ‚ÂManagement process through which merchandise and ventures move from idea to the client. As a way of thinking, it depends on contemplating the business as far as client needs and their fulfillment. As a training, it comprises in coordination of four components called 4P's: (1) recognizable proof, choice, and improvement of an item, (2) assurance of its value, (3) determination of an appropriation channel to arrive at the client's place, and (4) advancement and usage of a limited time strategy.Market Square, EnniscorthyMarketing contrasts from selling in light of the fact that (in the expressions of Harvard Business School's emeritus educator of advertising Theodore C. Levitt) Selling frets about the stunts and methods of getting individuals to trade their money for your item. It isn't worried about the qualities that the trade is about. Furthermore, it doesn't, as promoting constantly does, see the whole business process as comprising of a firmly incorporated exertion to find, make, stir, and fulfill client needs (2009). Another meaning of showcasing from MarketingPower Inc. states, ‚ÂMarketing is the action, set of establishments, and procedures for making, conveying, conveying, and tradi ng contributions that have an incentive for clients, customers, accomplices, and society at largeâ‚â (2009).In request...

Why Spanish Uses EE. UU. as Abbreviation for U.S.

Why Spanish Uses EE. UU. as Abbreviation for U.S. When you discover that Estados Unidos is Spanish for United States, you may foresee that its shortened form would be EU, similarly as we frequently use U.S. (or then again USA) in English. In any case, the standard shortened form is EE. UU. The Rule for Plural Abbreviations Despite the fact that the condensing may appear to be bizarre to Spanish understudies, truncations like it are normal in standard composed Spanish when shortening plural structures. Despite the fact that the utilization of the periods in the shortened form is standard use and thought about required by certain specialists, it isnt strange to see the condensing without the periods: EEUU or EE UU. Now and again the truncation EUA (for Estados Unidos de Amã ©rica) is utilized, and even USA can be found in vogue circles. Essentially, the multiplied letters (such contractions are called abreviaturas dobles in Spanish) are utilized to show that the fundamental word curtailed is plural. In any case, such a multiplying of letters isnt if the plural word isnt the fundamental thing in the expression. For instance, Organizaciã ³n de las Naciones Unidas (United Nations) is ONU (U.N. in English.) The primary thing here, the one that gives the expression its sexual orientation, is particular: organizaciã ³n. The multiplying of letters originates from Latin, which clarifies a portion of the twofold letter Latin truncations utilized in English likewise, for example, pp. for pages and mss. for original copies. Indistinguishable contractions are utilized in Spanish: pp. for pginas and mss. for manuscritos. (Additionally ordinarily utilized is pgs. for pginas.) Such multiplying is utilized normally when a solitary letter represents a word. It isnt utilized for most different contractions. For instance, while ejemplo (model) can be contracted as ej., the plural structure (that is, for models) is ejs. Essentially, while usted (solitary you) is curtailed Ud., its plural structure (plural you) is Uds. One of the special cases is that the truncation for Buenos Aires (the city in Argentina) is Bs. As. Other Doubled Abbreviations Here are a portion of the other Spanish shortenings that twofold the letters similarly as EE. UU.: AA. PP. for Administraciã ³n Pã ºblica (open administration)aa. vv. or then again AA. VV. for autores varios (different creators); VV. AA. furthermore, vv. aa. are additionally usedAA. VV. for asociaciones de vecinos (neighborhood associations)CC. AA. for comunidades autã ³nomas (self-overseeing communities)CC. OO. for comisiones obreros (work commissions)DD. HH. for derechos people (human rights)FF. AA. for Fuerzas Armadas (military, utilized in Spanish and a few Latin American countries)FF. CC. for ferrocarriles (railroads or RR)FF. DD. for Fuerzas de Defensa (Defense Forces, utilized essentially in Panama)RR. HH. for Recursos Humanos (HR or HR)RR. PP. for Relaciones Pã ºblicas (advertising or PR)JJ. OO. for Juegos Olã ­mpicos (Olympic Games)RR for reverendos (Reverends, Revs.)ss. for por siguientes (as follows, the following)SS. AA. for Sus Altezas (Your Highnesses)SS. HH. for Servicios Higiã ©nicos (sterile offices, for example, restrooms)SS. MM. for Sus Majestades (Your Ma jesties) Other Unusual Abbreviations Spanish additionally has a couple of normal shortenings that utilization accentuation (other than the period) or superscripts in manners that English doesnt. The more typical ones are recorded beneath; as a rule, progressively traditional structures are frequently utilized notwithstanding these. artoâ forâ artã ­culoâ (article in legitimate documents)Bo for barrio (neighborhood)Cà ­a for compaà ±Ãƒ ­a (company)c/uâ forâ cada unoâ (apiece, per unit)com.à ³n for comisià ³n (commission)desct.o for descuento (discount)N.a S.a for Nuestra Seà ±ora (Our Lady, alluding to the Virgin Mary)s/fâ forâ sin fechaâ (no date given)s/lâ forâ sin lugarâ (no place given)s/nâ forâ sin nã ºmeroâ (no number given) Moreover, there are a few structures such as Abg.da and Dr.a that have been utilized to allude to a female legal counselor or specialist, individually, despite the fact that these are developing in disgrace. Key Takeaways The standard truncation for Estados Unidos (United States) in Spanish is EE. UU., despite the fact that varieties are once in a while used.The twofold letters are utilized in some different shortened forms also when a solitary letter gauges for a plural of the primary noun.Some Spanish truncations use slices and superscripts.

Custer free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Last Stand Essay, Research Paper Custer # 8217 ; s last base Five springs back I, with numerous Sioux Indians, brought down and got together our lean-to and moved from Cheyenne stream to the Rosebud waterway, where we stayed outdoors a couple yearss ; so brought down and got together our Lodges and moved to the Little Bighorn stream and pitched our Lodges with the large cantonment of Sioux. The Sioux were stayed outdoors on the Little Bighorn stream as follows: The Lodges of the Uncpapas were pitched most elevated up the waterway under a feign. The Eastern sioux Lodges were pitched after. The Oglala # 8217 ; s Lodges were pitched after. The Brule Lodges were pitched after. The Minneconjou Lodges were pitched after. The Sans Arcs # 8217 ; Lodges were pitched after. The Blackfeet Lodges were pitched after. The Cheyenne Lodges were pitched after. A couple of Arikara Indians were among the Sioux ( being without Lodges of their ain ) . Two-Kettles, among the other Sioux ( without Lodges ) . I was a Sioux head in the board Lodge. My Lodge was contributed the focal point of the cantonment. The twenty-four hours of the invasion I and four grown-up females were a short good ways from the cantonment diving wild Brassica rapas. Out of nowhere one of the grown-up females pulled in my taking care of a dust storm lifting a short good ways from cantonment. I in the blink of an eye saw that the officers were bear bringing down the cantonment. To the cantonment I and the grown-up females ran. At the point when I showed up an individual advised me to head out quickly to the gathering Lodge. The officers charged so quickly we could non talk ( gathering ) . We came out of the chamber Lodge and talked in all waies. The Sioux saddle horse Equus caballuss, take weapons, and travel battle the fighters. Womans and children mount Equus caballuss and travel, meaning to get out of the way. Among the troopers was an official who rode an Equus caballus with four white pess. [ This official was clearly Capt. Gallic, Seventh Cavalry. ] The Sioux have for a long clasp battled many fearless work powers of various individuals, however the Sioux state this official was the most valiant grown-up male they had ever battled. I wear # 8217 ; t cognize whether this was Gen. Custer or non. A significant number of the Sioux work powers that I hear talking disclose to me it was. I saw this official in the fight ordinarily, yet did non see his natural structure. It has been disclosed to me that he was murdered by a Santee Indian, who took his Equus caballus. This official wore an enormous overflowed chapeau and a deerskin coat. This official spared the lives of numerous fighters by turning his Equus caballus and covering the retreat. Sioux state this official was the most daring grown-up male they ever battled. I saw two officials looking in like manner, both holding long xanthous hair. Before the invasion the Sioux were stayed outdoors on the Rosebud waterway. Sioux descended a waterwa y running into the Little Bighorn stream, crossed the Little Bighorn waterway, and stayed outdoors on its west bank. This twenty-four hours [ twenty-four hours of surge ] a Sioux grown-up male began to venture out to Red Cloud agency, yet when he had gone a short good ways from cantonment he saw a dust storm rise and turned around and said he thought a crowd of American buffalo was drawing close to the humble community. The twenty-four hours was hot. In a short clasp the troopers charged the cantonment. [ This was Maj. Reno s unit of the Seventh Cavalry. ] The troopers went ahead the path made by the Sioux cantonment in voyaging, and crossed the Little Bighorn waterway above where the Sioux crossed, and assaulted the Lodges of the Uncpapas, most distant up the stream. The grown-up females and children ran down the Small Bighorn stream a short separation into a gorge. The officers put a match to the Lodges. All the Sioux currently charged the warriors and drove them in disarray over the Little Bighorn waterway, which was extremely quick, and a few officers were suffocated in it. On a slope the fighters halted and the Sioux encompassed them. A Sioux grown-up male came and said that an alternate gathering of Soldiers had all the grown-up females and children hostages. Like a hurricane the word went around, and the Sioux all heard it and left the officers on the slope and went quickly to rescue the grown-up females and children. From the slope that the fighters were on to the topographic point where the various troopers [ by this term Red-Horse ever implies the force in a flash told by General Custer, his way of separation being that they were an alternate natural structure from that initially experienced ] were seen was level land with the avoidance of a creek. Sioux thought the troopers on the slope [ for example , Reno s force ] would hunker down them in back, yet when they did non the Sioux thought the troopers on the slope were out of cartridges. Similarly in the blink of an eye as we had executed all the various troopers the Sioux all returned to murder the warriors on the slope. All the Sioux viewed around the slope on which were the warriors until a Sioux grown-up male came and said many strolling officers were coming near. The happening to the strolling warriors was the economy of the fighters on the slope. Sioux can non fight the strolling warriors [ foot ] , fearing them, so the Sioux quickly left. The officers charged t he Sioux cantonment about noontime. The warriors were isolated, one gathering bear bringing down directly into the cantonment. In the wake of driving these warriors over the stream, the Sioux charged the various officers [ for example , Custer s ] underneath, and drive them in disarray ; these troopers got silly, many discarding their firearms and raising their guardianships, expressing, â€Å"Sioux, empathizing us ; take us prisoners.† The Sioux did non kidnap an individual officer, however executed every one of them ; none were left alive for even a couple proceedingss. These various warriors released their weapons yet little. I took a weapon and two belts off two dead officers ; out of one belt two cartridges were gone, out of the other five. The Sioux took the firearms and cartridges off the dead fighters and went to the slope on which the warriors were, encompassed and battled them with the weapons and cartridges of the dead officers. Had the warriors non separated I fig ure they would hold murdered numerous Sioux. The various fighters [ for example , Custer s brigade ] that the Sioux murdered made five brave bases. When the Sioux charged right in the main part of the various warriors and dissipated them all, fighting among the troopers manus to manus. One lot of officers was in back of the Sioux. At the point when this arrangement of troopers charged, the Sioux fell back, and the Sioux and the fighters stood facing one another. At that point all the Sioux became fearless and charged the troopers. The Sioux went however a short separation before they isolated and encompassed the fighters. I could see the officials siting in forepart of the troopers and hear them hiting. Presently the Sioux had many murdered. The officers executed 136 and injured 160 Sioux. The Sioux executed all these various troopers in the gorge. The fighters charged the Sioux cantonment most remote up the waterway. A short clasp after the various warriors charged the modest commu nity underneath. While the various warriors and Sioux were fighting together the Sioux head stated, â€Å"Sioux work powers, go watch troopers on the slope and hinder their fall ining the diverse soldiers.† The Sioux work powers took the vesture off the dead and appareled themselves in it. Among the officers were white work powers who were non warriors. The Sioux wearing the soldiers’ and white men’s vesture battled the troopers on the slope. The Bankss of the Little Bighorn stream were high, and the Sioux slaughtered a large number of the warriors while navigating. The warriors on the slope uncovered the land [ for example , made earth-works ] , and the troopers and Sioux battled at long degree, here and there the Sioux bear bringing down close up. The fight proceeded at long extension until a Sioux grown-up male saw the strolling officers coming. At the point when the strolling warriors drew close to the Sioux got apprehensive and ran off. Book reference An Eyewitness Account by the Lakota Chief Red Horse recorded in pictographs and content at the Cheyenne River Reservation, 1881Bibliography Nancy Warren ferrel, reference book britannica

The Relationship Between Economic Inequality and Religion - 11000 Words

The Relationship Between Economic Inequality and Religion (Research Paper Sample) Content: Literature review for the relationship between economic inequality and religion[Name][Course][Tutor][Date]IntroductionAn essential determinant of social and economic inequality is religion. However, the frameworks that underlie this sentimental relationship aren't surely known. From the get-go, researchers recognized this association. However their thoughts don't portray cutting edge stratification designs enough. Late research records vigorous observational connections amongst religion and material results, however, hasn't yet started to perceive components behind these examples. We finish this crevice by giving a hypothetical depiction of the religion-imbalance hyperlink that incorporates thoughts from at an early stage and late humanism. We highlight thoughts in the status accomplishment hypothesis to make a miniaturized scale model and thoughts from social equalization hypothesis to total the model's results. The arrangement of thoughts from these hypothetical tra ditions offers a remarkable, and likely valuable approach to appreciating the organization of ethical materials and introduction assets.Religion assumes a focal part in making and keeping up social and efficient imbalance, yet the frameworks driving this sentiment aren't surely known. According to Weber (2002), ethnic Protestant and the Capitalism Nature gives the most well-known at an opportune time contention for an association between religious convictions and income inequality, however, the thoughts that he and other at an early stage scholars recommended have gathered huge evaluate. In the focal point proposal of Weber, the adjustments conflict in the religious introduction of Europeans using the Protestantism impact and Calvinism brought about central changes in the money related framework. Researchers have tested Weber's proposal on a few grounds. Money related students of history have contended that in numerous components of Europe, the changeover to free enterprise went bef ore the presentation of improved Protestantism (Samuelsson 1964). In this manner, it is correspondingly conceivable that the presentation of new assortments of money related conduct created changes in profound convictions that the efficient and the religious change are associated and hard to unravel frequently. Coleman (1990) scrutinizes Weber for placing a hypothesis that cases singular convictions clearly total into societal-level qualities. An exceptionally basic procedure does not consider how stratification develops, and precisely how singular level qualities total into various social introductions relying upon one's common position.[Weber, Max.The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism: and other writings. Penguin, 2002.] [Samuelsson, Kurt.Religion and economic action: A critique of Max Weber. Harper Row, 1964.] [Brega, Angela G., and Lerita M. Coleman. "Effects of religiosity and racial socialization on subjective stigmatization in African-American adolescents. Journa l of Adolescence22, no. 2 (1999): 223-242.] If we neglect these inside issues even, the religious surroundings and the operations that consider stratification have adjusted fundamentally since Weber and his counterparts built up their thoughts. Taking a gander at propensities in the United States, these thoughts can't take into account the drop Protestant groups of purported mainline, the expansion of preservationist groups of Protestant, the effect of migration on the structure of the Catholic Chapel, and the expanded event of other profound customs. It has moreover turned out to be increasingly clear that the organization amongst stratification and religious convictions is not by any stretch of the imagination a capacity of substantial scale shifts in the setting of advancement. However it indicates changing particular and gathering strategies to individual capital, on the other hand, work, and enterprise, keeping and contributing.Religion impacts social stratification most activi ties depict in the attempt to confine either particular or gathering advantages. Early scholars attempted to full disconnect scale level results by tending to how national examples of religious connection harmed national examples of prudent association (Weber 2002). Just a limited number of occurrences can be found at the large scale level, making contrast troublesome. Likewise, it is hard to gather information at the full-scale level. In this manner, for the most part, at opportune time scholars depended on talking about how singular behaviors lead to total propensities (Coleman 1990). More current examination focuses all the more barely on miniaturized scale level advantages (e.g., particular wage, family flourishing) in light of the fact that these strategies are pivotal to comprehension cutting edge stratification forms. Albeit advanced clarifications offer thoughtfulness regarding small scale level clarifications of smaller scale level advantages. Its entirely regular to conjur e full-scale level triggers like zone, generational results or even to pull in decisions about large-scale level issues (e.g., bunch dissimilarities in wage, work, flourishing) from miniaturized scale level information without deliberately determining the way the levels interface (Coleman 1990). Inside the position accomplishment model, years as a kid religion recognizes alliance, thought, rehearse assembly qualities, and the more extensive profound environment. The connection is the otherworldly category or custom with which a man is related. In America, the powerful proof shows individuals from religious bunches act comparatively in important ways (Burstein 2007). A developed record of examination exhibits connection with Protestant, customary Protestant, Roman Catholic and the Jewish, or other otherworldly gatherings impacts prosperity. The expansion of Protestant divisions in late vacillations and years in the sizes of a few sections and practices demonstrates that it is current ly dynamically vital likewise to consider a correct data about otherworldly alliance (Smith and Faris 2005). Combined with different attributes, youngster years religious convictions produce people capital and worth or introductions. Human capital can be a middle person result that works as both a short result and an informative component in foreseeing consequent results. Genuine human capital incorporates attributes of formal instruction (e.g., fulfillment, private versus individuals, timing), abilities, preparing, work encounter, and related components. Person capital additionally gets the possibility of budgetary proficiency (i.e., got information identified with planning, keeping, and exchanging) that is exceptionally vital in comprehension chopping down conduct and success testimony. Introductions, or worth, are controlling key focuses or goals that impact the value related to specific exercises or results (Joas 2000).[Weber, Max.The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalis m: and other writings. Penguin, 2002.] [Brega, Angela G., and Lerita M. Coleman. "Effects of religiosity and racial socialization on subjective stigmatization in African-American adolescents. Journal of Adolescence22, no. 2 (1999): 223-242.] [Burstein, Paul. "Jewish educational and economic success in the United States: A search for explanations."Sociological Perspectives50, no. 2 (2007): 209-228.] [Smith, Christian, and Robert Faris. "Socioeconomic inequality in the American religious system: An update and assessment."Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion44, no. 1 (2005): 95-104.] [Joas, Hans. "The Gift of Life the Sociology of Religion in Talcott Parsons' Late Work."Journal of Classical Sociology1, no. 1 (2001): 127-141.] They are truly pointed toward specific practices or communicates and take after from religious convictions, which truly is an essential situating way or belief system (Hitlin 2003). Thoughts of worth and introduction dropped out of support in human science , incorporating into the social science of religious convictions, tailing some sketchy employments of the conditions decades prior. Nonetheless, the conditions are getting a significantly more useful gathering in momentum investigate that has demonstrated that qualities are urgent to comprehension, among different systems, how religion impacts results and practices (Sherkat 2000). For example, there exists to confirm that religion connected with introductions toward sex parts in the house and at work, training and instructive achievement (Glass and Jacobs 2005), relationship and fruitfulness and guardian youngster connections (Bartkowski 2003). Profound qualities sway introductions toward work and cash moreover. That's convictions express inclinations on attractive occupations, adequate work conduct, work-family adjust issues, conciliatory giving. Also, how cash impacts prospects for existence in the wake of death, and the allure of sparing from current income(Crowe 2008, Keister 20 07), religion sways materials last results through a few projects.[Hitlin, Steven, and Stephen Vaisey. "The new sociology of morality. Sociology39, no. 1 (2013): 51.] [Sherkat, Darren E. "" That They Be Keepers of the Home": The Effect of Conservative Religion on Early and Late Transitions into Housewifery. Review of Religious Research(2000): 344-358.] [Bartkowski, John P., and Helen A. Regis.Charitable choices: Religion, race, and poverty in the post-welfare era. NYU Press, 2003.] [Glass, Jennifer, and Jerry Jacobs. "Childhood religious conservatism and adult attainment among black and white women."Social Forces84, no. 1 (2005): 555-579.] The ethical understandings that go with otherworldly convictions can impact prosperity through demographic leads that assistance or hinder people capital obtaining, a superior employment and other work a...

Role of Gluthathione Pathway in Discovering Anticancer...

Cancer cell have different metabolism compare to normal cell and the modification in the metabolism turn normal cell to cancer cell (Akhdar et al 2012, p.137). In the human body, anticancer drug need to pass several metabolism to change it into other form before it will distributed to the target site and will be excreted through bile or urine. There are two different phases of enzymatic system that anticancer drug will become metabolite, namely phase I and phase II (Gonzalez 2005, p. 71). As the glutathione conjugation (phase II) plays main role in metabolism of anticancer compound, this point will be focused on. Glutathione are one of the major mechanisms controlling cellular oxidative balance (Pei et al 2013, p.2). There are three main function of glutathione (GSH) according to Pei et al (2013, p.2) : The role of glutathione can be explained by using example of human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells. By targeting the glutathione pathway, this cancer cell will be stamped out. The primitive leukemia cells, which also known as leukemia stem cells (LSCs), are typically refractory to many forms of therapy.Research has been done to improve strategies for targeting of human AML cells by comparing the molecular mechanisms regulating oxidative state in primitive (CD34+) leukemic vs. normal specimens .By comparing this,,radox state is known as the most prevalent of the cellular properties known to differ in cancer vs.normal cell .From this,it shows that radoxShow MoreRelatedRole of Gluthathione Pathway in Discovering Anticancer Compound793 Words   |  3 Pages(Richard Manrow and Rebecca Chasan, 2013). In order to produce an effective and potent anticancer drug, there are several criteria we have to look into. For instance, the role of metabolism, cell environment and also protein homeostasis should be taken into account in discovering anticancer drug. To obtain the pharmacokinetic profile of an anticancer drug during the discovery process, metabolism plays a crucial role where the metabolic liability and the potential drug-drug interactions have to be determined

Early American Children s Literature - 1490 Words

Early American children’s literature was intended to provide children with religious, social and moral education. Puritans were one of the first groups to create a large body of children s books, their doctrine of original sin assumed that all children were damned until they were converted to Christianity (Susina ). The Puritans believed that reading the Bible was important to achieving salvation, therefore teaching children to read was a priority for that matter. The New England Primer, An Alphabet of Lessons For Children, was strongly influenced by religion and had the intentions that all the colonists should learn how to read. It was seen as advance literacy. In â€Å"1642 Puritan Massachusetts passed a law stating this. They believed that an inability to read was Satan s attempt to keep people from the Scriptures† (O’Neill 1). 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Cultural Dimensions of Alizee Airlines †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Dimensions of Alizee Airlines. Answer: Introduction The Global Leadership and Organisational Behaviour Effectiveness (GLOBE) study on cultural dimensions is one of the most important analysis for companies which are considering entering foreign markets that are markedly different form theirs in terms of culture. The research program was brought about by Robert J. House of Wharton in 1991 and by 2004 to 2007 a comprehensive volume based on 951 companies and middle managers was published on the same.The first step to gauge effectiveness in an organisation and further to leaders GLOBE came up with nine cultural dimensions that make it possible to comprehend the similarities and differences in norms, values, beliefs, and practices among societies. They came up with the findings based by Hofstede (1980), Schwartz (1994), Smith (1995), Inglehart (1994) among others. They include; power distance which clearly illustrates the level which power is distributed to a collective individual equally. Future focus refers to the level of intensity of how people in a group will procrastinate their immediate gratification by planning and investing in the future. Performance orientation is how a collective is rewarded for excellent performance and improvements by group members. Human orientation illustrates how individuals are rewarded and encouraged by a collective for being altruistic, generous, and caring to others. Uncertainty Avoidance is the degree which a society enterprise or group will depend on a social standards, rules and procedure to reduce unpredictability of the future events. Collectivism I (Institutional) this is how institutions practice reward and encourage collective distribution of resources. Collectivism II (in-group) The level which individuals will take pride in their accomplishments, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organisations. The eighth dimension is Assertiveness will definitely relate to relationships among individuals and their level of aggressiveness, confrontational and assertive dynamics they di splay in the organisation. Lastly, Gender fairness/egalitarianism which is the degree which minimizes gender inequality. Alizee Airlines looks to enter the Brazilian and Malaysian markets, as well as the USA. These three countries are radically different in many ways. For instance, they all have different perspectives towards collectivism, competition, and religion. At the same time, they have different levels of political organization and perception of good governance, and the degree to which the system is fair to all its citizens. The countries are also differentiated by their levels of economic development (Moura, 2013). In this paper, the importance, advantages and disadvantages of these cultural attributes to prospective business endeavours will be discussed, so that Alizee can make the right strategic adjustments to ensure that it succeeds in each of the markets listed above (Hofstede, 2011). Cultural similarities and differences between Brazil, Malaysia and USA Power distance Brazil has a higher power distance index than the USA, which has an index of 40. However, Malaysia has an index of 100. Power distance refers to the extent to which people in a country believe that hierarchy should be respected, and that unequal power distribution among citizens is acceptable. While all three countries have a remarkably higher power distance index, it is higher in Malaysia in part due to its religious and cultural views. According to Hofstedes research, Muslim majority countries are more likely to have a higher power distance than others, due to Quranic decrees for people to obey authority. The country is also a monarchy, albeit constitutional but one which still holds a lot of sway over the countrys political and social dynamics (Moura, 2013). Brazil was until recently under a military dictatorship, which was responsible for the unequal power distribution that persists to this day. The country is also regarded as one of the major economic powers in the Americas. The rapid economic growth has led to a wider gap between the rich and the poor, thereby enhancing the power distance index (Nobles, 2013). For the United States, there is more belief that power is evenly distributed. However, its legacy of institutionalised racism still has residual effects, which mean that the country has among the highest PDIs in the Western developed world (Peter, 2011). Collectivism I Collectivism II Brazil and Malaysia have relatively lower levels of individualism at 38 and 26 respectively, in comparison to the United States, at 91. The Level of individualism is referred to as the level of interdependence which a society has between its members. The opposite of individualism is collectivism. The United States is a thoroughly capitalistic country, in which the people expect justice and liberty for all. Hierarchy is a matter of convenience, rather than an established cultural norm. For Brazil however, people have a strong affinity to groups, and strongly identify with them. They are supposed to take care of each other. This is the same case in Malaysia (Shi Wang, 2011). In Malaysia, as is the case with Brazil, individuals at the work place place a strong importance on their relationships with fellow employees. This is different in the US, where the individuals are keener on their jobs, rather than on how well they relate with each other. They are also unlikely to refer to each other by their last names, as a means of finding out more about the social ties of each other (Shi Wang, 2011). Perfomance Orientation In the three countries, the index for masculinity is high, with the scores for Brazil, the US and Malaysia being 49, 62 and 50 respectively. Masculinity refers to the acceptability of competition in society. In all three countries, being a winner is an important part of measuring success. This measure is ingrained throughout the school system. It is worth nothing that as the three countries has capitalistic forms of government; their countries have a high level of competitiveness (Hofstede, 2011). The quality of life is also important. However, people are not necessarily seen as successful in society due to their ability to care for their fellow countrymen. They are seen as successful by being the richest the most popular, the most intelligent, among other measures. Uncertainty Avoidance Brazil has the highest levels of uncertainty avoidance, with an index of 76. It is followed by the US which has 46, with Malaysia having 36 as the uncertainty avoidance index. Uncertainty avoidance refers to the way in which a society tries to work with the fact that the future is not known. Sometimes, countries may try to control the future (Nobles, 2013). In other instances, the countries may just be prepared for whatever happens. Brazilians try to control the way the future will unfold. They therefore have highly bureaucratic society, in which the observance of laws is very high. Though uncertainty avoidance is low in the United States, the society is preoccupied with mitigating uncertainty caused by terrorism and immigration, thereby coming up with stricter laws to help control these uncertainties (Shi Wang, 2011). Malaysia is alike other South Asian countries, which have a low uncertainty avoidance index. It does not have the same aspirations to control the future and uncertainty as the US and Brazil would want to. This is well represented in the actions of its people, whereby Brazilians are the most expressive, and Malaysians being the last (Moura, 2013). Future Focus Future Focus is below average in all three countries. It is lowest in the United States at 26, followed at 41 by Malaysia, and Brazil at 44. This index refers to the extent to which a society maintains links with its past while dealing with present and future challenges and gratification. In Brazil there is a higher emphasis on the past as a means of changing the present and future. At the same time, people in the country are suspicious about change, though not to the extent seen on countries which have an above average index (Peter, 2011). All three countries are in a perpetual process of change. While they have strong traditions, they have successfully formed modern societies. They have also been able to draw on their pasts to build strong modern countries in, and are likely to continue doing so in future. Assertiveness, Human Orientation and Gender Equality All the three countries are similar with regard to these dimensions. They both have strong degrees of which they encourage and reward their individuals with regard to their kindness, fairness and generosity to others in the society. Assertiveness is more in the United States as compared to Brazil and Malaysia. Individuals in the US are likely to be aggressive and dynamic in their relations to others at work place as well as in the society and this is further affected by religion and culture. Malaysia and United States are stronger with gender equality as opposed to Brazil. Cultural analysis The cultural similarities and differences highlighted in the discussion above suggest that different approaches must be taken to ensure the company succeeds in attracting customers by way of enhancing their experiences. The first among these is the power distance index. In the US and Brazil, it will be of critical importance for the company to provide as much information and a high quality customer service to its customers. The individuals will be looking for a well defined offering, since they may not be deferential to the company and ignore quality in determining whether to sign up for it (Kooyers, 2015). In terms of future focus, the US will call for a different approach to Brazil and Malaysia. In the US, the customers will focus more on what the company can do for them, in terms of the services offered. For the Malaysians and Brazilians however, the people serving in the company are as important. They will require the companies to have a local touch, meaning that they may need to have employees who are well versed in local cultures so that they can help the customers identify more closely with it. Information in the websites should be geared towards providing as much information as possible, since they are less likely than Americans to ask for this information directly (Kooyers, 2015). All three countries are masculine, meaning that in terms of what Alizee Airlines doe to them in terms of product offering must be of a higher level than competitors. This will be more in line with the above aspects of individualism and PDI. Masculinity for the three countries mans that the company needs to pride itself as the best in what it does, rather than appealing to customers through its concern for social responsibility, environmental conservation and other noble causes, which do not depict masculinity (Nobles, 2013). Uncertainty avoidance should be a concern for all three countries in the report. For instance, the Brazilians will prefer a website which has well detailed information that makes allowances for failure, and what to do in such instances. It should also have a well documented schedule of rules that the company agrees to abide b, and what it expects from the customers. While the other two countries markets will need this as well, the emphasis should not be too much. The countries will be more concerned about the quality of service they get, since they either expect the future to be taken care of by the company, or it to be too complicated to handle (Hofstede, 2011). For all countries, there should be a distinct reference to the countries glorious pasts. These countries all have a long and proud history, that people are generally proud of, and which they see as the reason they are making their current progress. To appeal to their sense of social belonging and nationality, it may be important for Alizee airlines to carefully customise the website for this. It should be clear that the website belongs to the individual country, rather than the reproduction of the page for another country. The pride with which these countries hold their societies also means that the language choices should by English and Spanish for the US, Portuguese for Brazil and Malay for Malaysia (Hofstede, 2011). Conclusion The United States, Brazil and Malaysia all share similarities that can be used to further the business interests of Alizee Airlines. The three countries have open market economies, have a democratic system of government, and are close allies. However, they have marked cultural differences, which mean that the approach of the organization to them needs to be different. Recommendations The issues that occasion these differences are rooted in tradition religion, and past history. The military rule in Brazil, political crises in Malaysia, as well as the 9/11 attacks in the US have for instance shaped how some of these countries individuals react to some of the measures in the GLOBE research. It is therefore imperative for the organization to adopt the model and the recommendations contained herein so that it can succeed in different cultures. References Moura, E. (2013). CONTRADICTING HOFSTEDE:Are Brazilian and American Cultures Really Different? The Global Journal of Finance and Economics, 10(1), 75-85. Nobles, G. (2013). Culture and Ethics: A comparison Between Japan the USA. Cambridge Business and Economics Conference, vol. 2, no.3: 1-23. Peter, R. (2011). Exiting China: Procedures to Ensure the Orderly Liquidation of a Business.Houston Journal of International Law, vol. 33, no.3: 9-43. Shi, X., Wang, J. (2011). Interpreting Hofstede Model and GLOBE Model: Which Way to Go for Cross-Cultural Research? International Journal of Business and Management, 6(5), 93-99. Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context.Online readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(8):3-89 Kooyers, J. (2015). The United States and Spain: A Comparison of Cultural Values and Behaviors and Their Implications for the Multi-Cultural Workplace. Honors papers, 399. Schwartz, S. H., U. Kim et al. (1994). "Beyond Individualism/Collectivism: New Cultural Dimensions of Values." In Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Methods, and Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage,

Market segment Essay Example

Market segment Essay I will make some attractions to my business such as putting balloons outside my shop so that it will be noticed from a far distance and the balloons will have my business logo on it so people will know where it is from. In addition, balloons will attract children who are with an adult and will promote them come to my shop.  Marketing  I carried out a questionnaire, asking males and females my ten questions. My questionnaire will give me an idea of what people like the most about mobile phones and I will be able to find out the most popular features on a phone that are suitable to peoples needs. Using the information from my questionnaire and the specifications of the final business, I will evaluate the possible ways on marketing. I will be focusing on the marketing mix, the four Ps.  To obtain my marketing strategy, I need to mix the four Ps in the right proportion to achieve the best marketing mix. It is no good getting one P right. It would be a total waste of time for a business to open up a business, which no one has heard in the world. Each of the four Ps is essential to a marketing success. They must be properly mixed so that the whole package appeals to the target market in the chosen market segment. We will write a custom essay sample on Market segment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Market segment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Market segment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The most important one is product. Without the product, there would be no price, place or promotion. The product is the basis of the whole marketing process. My business is going to be on a mobile phone shop so for me to start the business I have to make sure that I have an enough number of mobile phones to sell.  The next one is price, which involves many different types of methods. These include complementary price, penetration price, promotional price, competitive pricing and skimming price. For my business, I will have to choose one that will be suitable for my business. I will choose a price to charge, state how I came to a final price and which pricing strategies I will use. I will also link the price to the other Ps. The next one is promotion. A business draws attention to itself and its products in this way. There are three main methods, which are:  I will look at what needs to be done at the current stage of the product life cycle and what needs to be done later. I will look at my target audience, the size of the market, the size of my advertising budget and state which mediums I will choose. I will conclude for my chosen advertising mediums. I will state the public relations involved including public demonstration and the company logo. The last P is place. This deals with how a business distributes its products. There are four main channels of distributions, which link the producer, seller, consumer or buyer. For my business, I will have to choose the channel of distribution, which is most suitable for my business.  At the introductory stage of the product life cycle, a lot of advertising is required. I will focus on television, radio and newspaper advertising at first because it will create awareness to a large audience, which is essential at this stage of the product life cycle. I will focus on other types of advertising later on in the product life cycle.

F.D.R. essays

F.D.R. essays Looking back on Depression-era America and its two most prominent leaders, it is imperative that neither one be characterized solely as an extreme liberal or extreme conservative. Rather, if the actions and achievements of each leader are observed with an unbiased eye, one will see that Roosevelt was primarily a liberal with the necessary touch of conservatism, and Hoover was primarily a conservative with a slight bit of liberalism. It is important to understand that the time period both Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt presided over was one which consisted of grave economic turmoil and widespread poverty for the American people caused by a bevy of internal and external factors, some of which couldve been remedied by extraordinary leadership. It is because of the immensely difficult problems America was experiencing at the time that in hindsight such scrutiny is placed upon the motives and political philosophies held by both FDR and Herbert Hoover. To find out how and a why a leader reacts to adversity when his country needs him most may perhaps prove the worth and greatness of that leader. Proof of Herbert Hoovers status as a staunch conservative lies in the fact that he maintained a strong resolve to adhere to traditional methods of restoring the economy during the Depression. In document B, Hoover expounds on his plan and outlook for dealing with the dire economic situation. Overall, Hoover distances himself from pledging to make any drastic changes. He condemns the usage of emergency legislative or executive action as a means by which to relieve the Depressions symptoms. Often referred to as a rugged individualist, Hoover was determined to use the established practice of free enterprise and fairly uninhibited capitalism to regain prosperity in the U.S. since these methods worked well in the past. It was his unwavering belief in free enterprise that discouraged hi...

The Role of Typological Universals in SLA Essay

The Role of Typological Universals in SLA - Essay Example All humans learn their first language in the same way. Firstly through a preliminary stage of prelinguistic development and 'babbling' followed by a single word stage, and then a two-word stage. Simple sentences follow after this before the 'embedding' process is finalized through the use of complete sentences. There are a number of absolute universals that have characteristics which hold for all languages. The most powerful universals take the form of hierarchies (an ordered list). Below are examples of Color, Vowel and Animacy hierarchies: There are many ways knowledge of universal typologies can aid SLA but one important way could be termed 'The Iceberg Effect'. It can be difficult to learn a second language if you have scant knowledge of the structure and grammar of your own language. Although the L1 and L2 might be vastly different, they are still linked through the brain of the speaker. In understanding one's own language first, we then develop a framework for comparison. When we make a comparison we understand the perils of 'direct translation' from one language to another. While we see similarities in the use of certain tenses, articles, pronouns etc. we know that there are many instances when the two languages have very little in common. This helps a student to gain the 'iceberg effect', whereby one's knowledge of a subject is directly related to deeper background knowledge. Although perhaps never revealed, the hidden part of the iceberg backs up and cements SLA. The Role of Typological Universals in SLA Typological Universals have a vital role in Second Language Acquisition (SLA). Typological Universals can be defined as the 'notion that human languages necessarily share important, formative, properties'.1 However, this notion can both aid and hinder SLA, as in admitting that there are certain universals which link the native language (L1) with the second language (L2), one must also remain aware of how greatly languages can differ. Being aware of the differences means avoiding direct translation from L1 to L2. Assuming that the L2 works on the same structural principles as your native tongue will ensure you make numerous grammatical, syntactical and vocabulary errors. Research into Typological Universals 'aims to establish the limits within human language'.2 Study into this subject sees the world's languages almost as a single organism with various overlapping areas between the languages closest to them in 'roots' as well as 'universal links' with all other world languages. No mat ter how diverse, all languages are connected by common principles - these are Typological Universals. In the introduction to Typology & Second Language Acquisition, Anna Giacalone Ramat stresses how 'a basic connotation of typology is cross-linguistic comparison: implicational universals which are crucial in order to create a typology of languages of the world cannot be discovered or verified by observing only a single language'. Giacolone Ramat 2003, p.1) In 1270 Roger Bacon wrote that 'grammar is substantially one and the same in all languages, despite its accidental variations'. (Thomas 2004, p.2) While the above

ROOM by Emma Donoghue - socialization and affects on development Essay

ROOM by Emma Donoghue - socialization and affects on development - Essay Example Somehow, the developments witnessed by the protagonist, portrayed by Donoghue mirror the Freud’s Oedipus Complex theory, which claims to be child’s maintaining physical and sentimental attraction to the parent of his/her opposite gender. Recent studies endorse the very notion that psychodynamic and person-centered methodologies have obtained profound popularity during twentieth century onward with regards to personality development perspectives. One of the most important reasons behind applying these approaches includes the exploration of the factors playing vital role in the personality development and formation during the initial years of human life. Hence, the works created by the writers, poets, philosophers, painters and film directors etc are analyzed and investigated into by keeping in view the psychological approaches articulated by the theorists while determining the factors of cognitive and personality developmental processes. Famous early 20th century American psychologist has articulated his Hierarchy of Needs Theory, where he has discussed the nature of the basic human needs and essentiality of the fulfillment of these needs for the adequate growth of the individuals. Five motivational factors, according to Maslow, include physiological, safety, social, ego and self-actualization. Physiological needs are those, which come under the definition of basic necessities of life i.e. food, clothing, and shelter, all of which are the needs without which man is unable to survive even for long. The second motivational factor i.e. safety discusses the sense of protection man requires for his mental peace and physical well-being.

Global Fishing and its Impact on the Environment Essay Example for Free

Global Fishing and its Impact on the Environment Essay The demand of fish in the international market has been increasing in the last few years. This is because many researches on nutrition have revealed that consuming fish is one of the best healthy practices. Fish does not have a lot of fats and bad cholesterol and it is a good source of vitamins and natural nutrients. This paper is about the trends of fishing in the global arena and its impact on the environment. The paper will concern recreational and commercial both types of fishing and the problems they are causing to the marine environment. The current state of global fisheries, aquaculture and the environmental cost of fishing will be the main subjects of interest in this paper. Although many countries have started efforts to develop practices of sustainable fishing through developing the idea of fish farms, however, the main threat to the environment is recreational fishing. The impacts on the marine life itself and the fish population will be discussed in the paper. Current State of Global Fisheries There was a steady rise in fishing, according to the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, until the mid 1990s when the trend became stable. In 2001, a study showed that the marine catch has been declining at a rate of 10% each year since the late 1980s. There have also been estimations that around 50% of the world’s fish reserves have been fully exploited, around 20% are overexploited and another 10% are depleted because of overfishing. The histogram graph below shows the increasing share of aqua culture in the total fishing, however, the largest share of the total fish catch is still for the fish being captured from free waters. Southeast Pacific regions contribute the most to the catch of fish globally. The fish that have been captured the most are anchovy and Chilean jack mackerel (Hart Reynolds, 2004). Figure 1- (Hart Reynolds, 2004) The research has also shown that almost 80% of the total fish captured was used for direct human consumption while other 20% went for further processing for non-consumption production. In the year 1997, the per capita consumption of fish has increased in the past 50 years from 9 kg per person to around 16 kg per person each year. This was the data for underdeveloped countries; however, the consumption in the developed countries has risen from 20kg to almost 28kg per capita per year. In the underdeveloped countries, the protein intake from the consumption of fish can form 20% of the total intake. In the developed countries and in the Southeastern Asian countries, the consumption is much higher (Hart Reynolds, 2004). The top ten countries which are the largest catchers of the total fish catches include China, Japan, India, United States, Russia and Indonesia. However, China is the largest catcher of fish as the total amount stands to around 12 million tons of fish (FAOSTAT online database, 2010). The demand of fish is stable at the moment but as the population rises, the demand for fish will also rise. It has been revealed that the people in the developed countries are more prone to eating fish as their per capita consumption is higher than people living in underdeveloped countries. Another point of concern is that the population is rising at a very high rate in countries such as India, Pakistan, Indonesia and the Middle-East where the catch of the fish is also the highest. Figure 2 Impact of Global Fishing on the Environment Today, the exploitation of the fishery resources and reserves has become a major environmental factor of concern for the scientists and environmentalists. The worldwide declines in the population of fish species have been blamed to the excessive commercial fishing and unrestrictive recreational fishing. A recent study has revealed that the total fish harvest from recreational activities may contribute up to almost 12% of the total catch of fish globally (Cooke, Steven, Cowx, 2004). Fish has been one of the most important food consumption resources that are at risk because of limitless recreational activities and commercial fishing. The potential contribution of fishing to the marine environment and the ecological system of the world has caused many problems in the environment already. Currently, the fish production is meeting the requirements of the population in the countries, but at a great environmental cost. The marine life is not only being endangered by the fishers but their breeding grounds have also been invaded by the commercial companies. These breeding grounds are the safe places for the fish. Though the fish are being bred in huge numbers, but their homes are being destroyed which does not allow the fish to be born. Although a fish can give birth to hundreds of its offspring in one season, but if these offspring are dead before they are born, then the ecological system in the waters is seriously disturbed. According to a research, the increasing pressure of fishing and exploitation of resources in marine life has caused a change in the ecological structure and the ecosystem. The fully developed fish and adult members of the fish are more fondly searched by the commercial and individuals as they render more profits and meat for the production. Therefore the adult population which is responsible for breeding and generating offspring are in great danger by the human activities in the seas. Climate change has also been attributed to the changes in the ecosystem which affect the marine life and decrease their population. In the future, therefore, the fish population, available for human consumption, is anticipated to fall and cause demand supply problems. The primary reasons for this are the attack of the humans on the marine life for consumption, recreational activities of the human individuals and the change in the global climate which is changing the living habitat of these fish (Planque, 2010). Aquaculture Production The term aquaculture is used for the farming of the fish and other marine species including aquatic plants, crustaceans and mollusks in an artificial environment which is fit for their breeding. This is done in order to protect the species of the fish which are getting extinct or for sustainable farming of fish. This practice is very good for the sustainability of the fish in free water as they are not hunted in their breeding grounds. When grown and fully ready, these fish are harvested by a company or an individual who has owned them throughout the period of growth and development (European Commission, 2007). This practice is the only option for meeting the demand of the human for fish consumption. Fishing for recreation has proved to be disastrous for the marine life and the water environment. The whole ecological system is disturbed because of excessive fishing. Aquaculture is mostly being performed for the human consumption but does not addresses the issue of recreational fishing. Aquaculture is also used to presence the dying species by providing the required temperature, environment and food for their existence. Many of these fish could be released in to the wild waters so that they could be used in the recreational activities (Stickney, 2009). Conclusion In order to keep the demand consistent with the supply for fish in the global market, the practice of aquaculture will have to be adopted. The main issues that the fish face are the recreational activities of the human, commercial overexploitation and the change in climate of the world. These problems are changing their habitat environment and hence these fish are getting endangered. However, we should keep in mind that all of the fish species are not being caught for human consumption. Hence, aquaculture will not be able to address this issue. Other strict rules and regulation will have to be implemented by the governments in order to stop the recreational killing of fish. Only the hunting of those fish should be allowed which are abundant in the waters. Aquaculture could be used to breed those fish which are primarily used for the consumption of human through providing an artificial environment where the fish can grow up in a protected way. Bibliography Cooke, Steven, Cowx, I. (2004). The Role of Recreational Fishing in Global Fish Crises. BioScience , 54 (9), 857-59. European Commission. (2007). Eurostat. Retrieved May 9, 2010, from Eurostat Pocketbook: http://epp. eurostat. ec. europa. eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DW-07-001/EN/KS-DW-07-001-EN. PDF European Commission. (2009, September). Eurostat. Retrieved May 9, 2010, from Fishery Statistics: http://epp. eurostat. ec. europa. eu/statistics_explained/index. php/Fishery_statistics FAOSTAT online database. (2010). NationMaster. Retrieved May 9, 2010, from Environmental Statistics: http://www. nationmaster. com/graph/env_mar_fis_cat-environment-marine-fish-catch Hart, P. , Reynolds, J. (2004). Handbook of fish biology and fisheries. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing company. Planque, B. (2010). How does fishing alter marine populations and ecosystems sensitivity to climate? Journal of Marine Systems , 403-417. Stickney, R. (2009). Aquaculture an introductory text. Oxfordshire: Cambridge University Press.

Respect for Nature in Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay -- Rime Ancien

Respect for Nature in Rime of the Ancient Mariner  Ã‚  Ã‚   "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a parable of a seaman's crime against nature (pointlessly killing an albatross) and his repentance by blessing the lowly water-snakes.   Setting the poem in the Middle Ages in the then-unknown seas near Antarctica, the poet is able to make his narrative credible and give the reader what is called 'the willing suspension of disbelief.'   "    This seven part ballad begins as a tale told by an "ancient Mariner" who has grabbed hold of a Wedding Guest and captivates his will by sharing his wild tale at sea: "The Wedding-Guest stood still, And listens like a three years' child: The Mariner hath his will."   The ancient mariner tells us about a great Albatross, "At length did cross an Albatross, Thorough the fog it came; As if it had been a Christian soul, We hailed it in God's name." The Albatross brought "a good south wind" and enjoyment for the mariners. But then, for no reason, the ancient Mariner says that "With my crossbow I shot the Albatross" and from then on, Nature had her fury on...

Domino’s marketing mix Essay

Domino’s Pizza has chosen a market follower strategy. The product positioning of Domino’s is delivery in 30mins or less pizza to every customers. At such product promise, Domino’s able to implant the top of mind in customer’s mind. The product mix has evolved to include pizza, salads, sandwiches, chicken wings and specialty desserts. Whereas, Pizza Hut has always followed â€Å"Single brand positioning† called â€Å"Pizzas†. Pizza Hut also goes with multiple product strategy as Pizza Hut not only sells pizzas, they also deals with variety of other product such as appetizers, beverages, chicken wings. Pizza Hut more emphasize on the dining experience and food quality. Pizza Hut mainly sells Pan Pizzas, Stuffed Crust Pizzas, Thin Crust Pizzas, and Twisted Crust Pizza. Papa John’s against current national and local take-and-bake companies or non take-and-bake companies. They also serve pasta and rice, pizza pocket, soups and salads. Papa John’s resources are its commissary and high quality ingredients as it is raw materials. _PRICING (MALAYSIA PRICING)_ _BRAND_ _SMALL/ REGULAR/ LARGE_ _STANDARDIZED ORDINARY PIZZA PRICE_ Domino’s Rm11.80/Rm 24.80/ Rm 34.80 Pizza Hut Rm9.80/ Rm 21.80/ Rm 30.80 Papa John’s Rm12.50/Rm 23.90/ Rm 32.50 _* Current pricing list of Pizza Company in Malaysia._ From the table we can see that Pizza hut offers the best deal of ordinary pizza out of Domino’s and Papa John’s. The price range of pizza is RM10-RM35 excluded tax and service charge. Mostly the high price attributed to the high quality of ingredients used. For example, Domino’s sourced its Pepperoni and Jalapeno needs from Australia and Spain respectively. Meanwhile Pizza Hut implementing â€Å"A high/low pricing† strategy as far as its new product are concerned where it fixes the price higher than its competitors and then gradually lowers the price below the competitor’s price. Papa John’s utilizes the point-of-sale technology in all outlets in the mean time; Papa John’s also currently follows a low cost differentiation strategy for its production policy. _PROMOTIONS (PROMOTIONS APPLICABLE IN MALAYSIA ONLY)_ In the aspect of sales promotions, there are customer’s claimed that Domino’s actually offering the best deal of the price. This is because Domino’s is having an offer which customers who order up to two regular pizzas only cost RM 30. Pizza Hut is using a marketing strategy in order to capture consumer’s philosophy by selling their personal pizza and every day $10 large pizzas offer. Papa John’s do has its promotions where customers buy any medium or large pizza will get same size of another pizza for free on Tuesday only. From the aspect of media advertising, Pizza Hut has always been named for the good advertising. Pizza Hut has widely promoted by all kinds of advertisement through television, radio, newspaper. In Malaysia, we seldom see Domino’s and Papa John’s advertisement on television but frequently heard from radio or print media. Basically all pizza company does direct marketing like they selling pizza through internet and nu mber. _PLACE_ Since Domino’s is not a dine-in restaurant so Domino’s does not offer dine-in as a method to distribute its products. With the advent of mobile apps, Domino’s has now digitalized their system for the ease of ordering. Online ordering is also a method that Domino’s used to distribute its products to the customers. Domino’s utilizes 30minutes or less delivery or it’s free basis. Pizza Hut uses three different methods of places its products directly to the market. The first method of distribution used by Pizza Hut is by delivery. Customers can call Pizza Hut and place order, and then the order will be delivered to the customer’s home. Secondly, customers can choose to dine-in in restaurant over delivery. Lastly, Pizza Hut does receive orders from the internet from customers who would like to order a delivery. Similarly, Papa John’s is using delivery to distribute their products to their customers. Other than that, they also using d ine-in as a way to give-out their products unlike Domino’s.

What Are the Purpose of Endnotes and How to Use Them

An endnote is a reference, explanation, or comment placed at the end of an article, research paper, chapter, or book.  Like footnotes  (which are used in this article), endnotes serve two main purposes in a research paper: (1) They acknowledge the source of a quotation, paraphrase, or  summary; and (2) They provide explanatory comments that would interrupt the flow of the main  text. Endnotes vs. Footnotes Your department may specify whether you should use footnotes or endnotes, especially for a thesis or  dissertation. If not, you should generally choose footnotes, which are easier to read. Endnotes force readers to flip to the back to check every citation. On the other hand, choose endnotes when your footnotes are so long or numerous that they take up too much space on the page, making your report unattractive and difficult to read. Also, endnotes better accommodate  tables, quoted poetry, and other matter that requires special typography. (Turabian, Kate L.  A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 7th ed., University of Chicago Press, 2007.) Readers of academic and scholarly books usually prefer footnotes to endnotes because the former allows them to skim the notes without losing their place in the text. Popular wisdom, however, says that nonscholarly readers are either reluctant or unwilling to purchase a nonfiction trade book whose feet are hemmed with ribbons of tiny type; thus most trade books place (the shop term is bury) the notes containing sources and references at the back of the book. (Einsohn,  Amy. The Copyeditors Handbook,  University of California Press, 2006.) Endnote Conventions An author or title mentioned in the text need not be repeated in the footnote  citation, though it is often helpful to do so. In an endnote, however, the author (or at least the authors last name) and title should be repeated, since at least some readers may have forgotten whether the note number was 93 or 94 by the time they find it at the back of a work. Such frustration can be prevented by the devices illustrated in the examples below. 34. This and the preceding four quotations are all from  Hamlet, act 1, sc. 4.87. Barbara Wallraff,  Word Court  (New York: Harcourt, 2000), 34. Further citations to this work are given in the text.​ (​The Chicago Manual of Style,  University of Chicago Press, 2003.) Endnote Numbering Endnotes are numbered consecutively throughout a chapter or article, with each new chapter or section starting over with endnote 1. The notes section at the back is then broken down by chapter or section, with the corresponding endnote numbers listed underneath. Place endnote numbers within the text in superscript type (small typeset above the line). In the notes section, use the same number to identify the endnote with the number in the text. (Robbins, Lara M.  Grammar, and Style at Your Fingertips,  Alpha, 2007.) Sample Endnotes From Pennebakers The Secret Life of Pronouns Chapter 2: Ignoring the Content, Celebrating the Style19. The drawing is from the Thematic Apperception Test by Henry A. Murray, Card 12F, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.20. Throughout this book, I include quotations from people who have been in my studies or classes, from text on the Internet, or even from conversations or e-mails from friends or family members. In all cases, all identifying information has been removed or altered.22. In this book, the terms style, function, and stealth words are used interchangeably. They have many other names as well —  junk words, particles, and closed-class words. Linguists tend to disagree about the precise definitions of each of these overlapping terms. (Pennebaker, James W.  The Secret Life of Pronouns: What Our Words Say About Us,  Bloomsbury Press, 2011.)